Cow Land
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Cow Land is a special amusement park for cows, where they roam around, eat
delicious grass, and visit different cow attractions (the roller cowster is
particularly popular).
There are a total of \(N\) different attractions (\(2 \leq N \leq 10^5\)). Certain
pairs of attractions are connected by pathways, \(N-1\) in total, in such a way
that there is a unique route consisting of various pathways between any two
attractions. Each attraction \(i\) has an integer enjoyment value \(e_i\), which can
change over the course of a day, since some attractions are more appealing in
the morning and others later in the afternoon.
A cow that travels from attraction \(i\) to attraction \(j\) gets to experience all
the attractions on the route from \(i\) to \(j\). Curiously, the total enjoyment
value of this entire route is given by the bitwise XOR of all the enjoyment
values along the route, including those of attractions \(i\) and \(j\).
Please help the cows determine the enjoyment values of the routes they plan to
use during their next trip to Cow Land.
Problem credits: Charles Bailey
Problem credits: Charles Bailey
The first line of input contains \(N\) and a number of queries \(Q\)
(\(1 \leq Q \leq 10^5\)). The next line contains \(e_1 \ldots e_N\)
(\(0 \leq e_i \leq 10^9\)). The next \(N-1\) lines each describe a pathway in terms
of two integer attraction IDs \(a\) and \(b\) (both in the range \(1 \ldots N\)).
Finally, the last \(Q\) lines each describe either an update to one of the \(e_i\)
values or a query for the enjoyment of a route. A line of the form "1 \(i\) \(v\)"
indicates that \(e_i\) should be updated to value \(v\), and a line of the form "2
\(i\) \(j\)" is a query for the enjoyment of the route connecting attractions \(i\)
and \(j\).
In test data worth at most 50% of points, there will be no changes to the values
of the attractions.
For each query of the form "2 \(i\) \(j\)", print on a single line the enjoyment of
the route from \(i\) to \(j\).
cowland.incowland.out5 5
1 2 4 8 16
1 2
1 3
3 4
3 5
2 1 5
1 1 16
2 3 5
2 1 5
2 1 321
20
4
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출처 올림피아드 > USACO > 2018-2019 > February > Gold
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Cow Land
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Cow Land