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Sleepy Cow Sorting

Platinum V 플래티넘 V
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설명

Farmer John is attempting to sort his \(N\) cows (\(1 \leq N \leq 10^5\)),
conveniently numbered \(1 \dots N\), before they head out to the pastures for
breakfast.

Currently, the cows are standing in a line in the order
\(p_1, p_2, p_3, \dots, p_N\), and Farmer John is standing in front of cow \(p_1\).
He wants to reorder the cows so that they are in the order \(1, 2, 3, \dots, N\),
with cow \(1\) next to Farmer John.

Today the cows are a bit sleepy, so at any point in time the only cow who is
paying attention to Farmer John's instructions is the cow directly facing Farmer
John. In one time step, he can instruct this cow to move \(k\) paces down the
line, for any \(k\) between \(1\) and \(N-1\) inclusive. The \(k\) cows whom she passes
will amble forward, making room for her to insert herself in the line after
them.

For example, suppose that \(N=4\) and the cows start off in the following order:

 FJ: 4, 3, 2, 1

The only cow paying attention to FJ is cow \(4\). If he instructs her to move \(2\)
paces down the line, the order will subsequently look like this:

 FJ: 3, 2, 4, 1

Now the only cow paying attention to FJ is cow \(3\), so in the second time step
he may give cow \(3\) an instruction, and so forth until the cows are sorted.

Farmer John is eager to complete the sorting, so he can go back to the farmhouse
for his own breakfast. Help him find a sequence of instructions that sorts the
cows in the minimum number of time steps.

Problem credits: Dhruv Rohatgi

제약

Problem credits: Dhruv Rohatgi

입력 형식

The first line of input contains \(N\). The second line contains \(N\) space-separated integers:
\(p_1, p_2, p_3, \dots, p_N\), indicating the starting order of the cows.

출력 형식

The first line should contain a single integer, \(K\), giving the minimum number of time
steps required to sort the cows.

The second line should contain \(K\) space-separated integers,
\(c_1, c_2, \dots, c_K\), each in the range \(1 \ldots N-1\).
Furthermore, if in the \(i\)-th time step FJ
instructs the cow facing him to move \(c_i\) paces down the line, then after \(K\)
time steps the cows should be in sorted order.

If there are multiple optimal instruction sequences, your program may output any
of them.

파일 입력 / 출력
이 문제는 표준 입출력을 사용하지 않습니다. 프로그램은 다음 파일을 읽고 써야 합니다:
입력을 읽을 파일 sleepy.in
출력을 쓸 파일 sleepy.out
예제 1
입력
4
1 2 4 3
출력
3
2 2 3
문제 정보

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출처 올림피아드 > USACO > 2018-2019 > January > Gold

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Sleepy Cow Sorting

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출제자 난이도 Platinum V 플래티넘 V 의견 0 / 50 공개 집계 (커뮤니티 난이도, 주요 주제, 품질)는 의견이 충분히 모이면 공개됩니다.

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Sleepy Cow Sorting

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