S5. Josh’s Double Bacon Deluxe
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On their way to the contest grounds, Josh, his coach, and his \(N-2\) teammates decide to stop at a burger
joint that offers \(M\) distinct burger
menu items. After ordering their favourite burgers, the team members
line up, with the coach in the first position and Josh last, to pick up
their burgers. Unfortunately, the coach forgot what he ordered. He picks
a burger at random and walks away. The other team members, in sequence,
pick up their favourite burger if available, or a random remaining
burger if there are no more of their favourite burger. What is the
probability that Josh, being last in line, will get to eat his favourite
burger?
\((3\leq N\leq 1~000~000)\)
\((1\leq b_i\leq M\leq 500~000)\)
\(N\leq 100~000\)
\(M\leq 1000\)
\(M\leq 5000\)
The first line contains the number \(N\) \((3\leq N\leq 1~000~000)\), the total number of people and burgers. The
next line contains \(N\) numbers, the
\(i\)-th being \(b_i\) \((1\leq b_i\leq M\leq 500~000)\), denoting the item number of the \(i\)-th person’s favourite burger. The first
person in line is the coach, and the \(N\)-th person is Josh.
For 4 of the 15 available marks, \(N\leq 100~000\) and \(M\leq 1000\).
For an additional 5 of the 15 available marks, \(M\leq 5000\).
Output a single number \(P\), the
probability that Josh will get to eat his favourite burger, \(b_N\). If the correct answer is \(C\), the grader will view \(P\) correct if \(|P-C|<10^{-6}\).
3
1 2 30.5The coach randomly chooses between the three burgers. With probability
\(1/3\), he chooses his favourite
burger (burger 1), and Josh gets to eat his favourite burger (burger 3).
With probability \(1/3\), he chooses
Josh’s favourite burger, and Josh fails to eat his favourite burger.
With probability \(1/3\), he chooses
the second person’s burger, there is a \(1/2\) chance that the second person chooses
Josh’s burger, denying Josh the pleasure of eating his favourite
burger.
7
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S5. Josh’s Double Bacon Deluxe
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S5. Josh’s Double Bacon Deluxe